倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãæåœ±æ³ãäžçäžã®èŠ³æž¬è ã«åããå®å šå¯Ÿçãç¶²çŸ ãããã®ã¬ã€ãã§ãå®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã®æ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
å®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ïŒç®ãå®ãããã®ã°ããŒãã«ã¬ã€ã
ç§ãã¡ã®æã身è¿ãªææã§ãã倪éœã¯ãé©ç°ãšã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æºã§ããæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ããããã¯éšåæ¥é£ã®éã«èçŒã§ããããããã芳枬ããããšã¯æ¯ãã®ããããªäœéšãšãªãåŸãŸããããããé©åãªå®å šå¯Ÿçãçè§£ããå®è¡ããããšã絶察çã«éèŠã§ãããã£ã«ã¿ãŒãéããªãçŽå°æ¥å ã¯ãã»ãã®äžç¬ã§å€±æãå«ãæ·±å»ãã€æ°žä¹ çãªç®ã®æå·ãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®ã¬ã€ãã¯ãäžçäžã®ã¢ããã¥ã¢å€©æåŠè ãæå¥œå®¶ã®ããã«ãå®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã®å®è·µã«é¢ããå æ¬çãªæ å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
å®å šã§ãªã倪éœèŠ³æž¬ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãçè§£ãã
倪éœãçŽæ¥èŠãããšã®å±éºæ§ã¯ããã°ãã°éå°è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã倪éœã¯ãå¯èŠå ãèµ€å€ç·ïŒIRïŒã玫å€ç·ïŒUVïŒãå«ããã¹ãã¯ãã«å šäœã«ããã匷åãªé»ç£æŸå°ãæŸåºããŸããå¯èŠå ã¯äžå¿«ãªã»ã©æããããšããããŸãããç®ã«æãé倧ãªè åšãããããã®ã¯ãç®ã«èŠããªãèµ€å€ç·ãšçŽ«å€ç·ã§ãã
- ç¶²èç±å·ïŒå€ªéœç¶²èçïŒïŒ 匷åãªå¯èŠå ãšèµ€å€ç·ã¯ãæåéãç®ã®å¥¥ã«ããå ã«ææãªçµç¹ã§ããç¶²èããçŒããŠãããŸãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®æå·ã¯æ°žç¶çã§ãããç²ç¹ãèŠçã®æªã¿ããŸãã¯å®å šãªå€±æã«ã€ãªããããšããããŸãã
- 玫å€ç·ã«ããæå·ïŒ 玫å€ç·ã¯ãè§èïŒç®ã®éæãªåé¢ïŒãšæ°Žæ¶äœãæå·ããçœå éãªã©ã®çç¶ãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- çã¿ã®ãªãæå·ïŒ éèŠãªããšã«ãç¶²èã«ã¯çèŠå容äœããªããããç¶²èç±å·ã¯ãã°ãã°çã¿ã䌎ããŸãããããã¯ãæé ãã«ãªããŸã§ç®ã«æå·ãäžããŠããããšã«æ°ã¥ããªããããããªãããšãæå³ããŸãã
ãããã®ãªã¹ã¯ã¯ãå°ççãªå Žæãèã®è²ã«é¢ä¿ãªãååšããŸããåäŸã®ç®ã¯ãŸã çºééäžã§ãããæå·ãåãããããããç¹ã«è匱ã§ãããããã£ãŠãå®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³ã峿 Œã«å®ãããšã¯ããã¹ãŠã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
å®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã®æ¹æ³
å®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã«ã¯ãäž»ã«2ã€ã®æ¹æ³ããããŸããç¹æ®ãªå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããæ¹æ³ãšã鿥çãªæåœ±æè¡ãçšããæ¹æ³ã§ãã
1. 倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®äœ¿çš
倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã¯ã倪éœå ãšãã®æå®³ãªæŸå°ç·ã®å€§éšåã鮿ããããã«èšèšãããŠãããå åŠæ©åšãéããŠå®å šã«å€ªéœã芳å¯ããããšãã§ããŸããä¿¡é Œã§ããã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®èªèšŒæžã¿å€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããããšã絶察çã«éèŠã§ããèªå®¶è£œã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãã倪éœèŠ³æž¬å°çšã«èšèšãããŠããªãçŽ æã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«äœ¿çšããªãã§ãã ããã
倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®çš®é¡ïŒ
- æ¥çŒéšå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒïŒ ãããã¯éåžžã«å±éºã§ãããæ±ºããŠäœ¿çšããŠã¯ãªããŸããã ãããã¯æé é¡ã®æ¥çŒéšã«åãä»ãããã倪éœã®éäžããç±ã«ãã£ãŠã²ã³å²ãããç ãããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããããã«ããããã£ã«ã¿ãŒãéããªã倪éœå ã«ç®ãå³åº§ã«æãããå±éºããããŸãã
- 察ç©åŽå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒïŒ ãããã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã¯ãæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ã®åé¢ïŒå¯Ÿç©ã¬ã³ãºïŒã«åãä»ããŸããé©åã«èšçœ®ã»äœ¿çšããã°ãæãå®å šãªã¿ã€ãã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã§ãããã£ã«ã¿ãŒã察ç©ã¬ã³ãºå šäœãå®å šã«èŠãããã£ãããšåºå®ãããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
- 倪éœèŠ³æž¬ã°ã©ã¹ïŒæ¥é£ã°ã©ã¹ïŒïŒ ãããã¯ãç¹ã«æ¥é£äžã«å€ªéœãçŽæ¥èгå¯ããããã«èšèšãããç¹æ®ãªãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãåãããå®äŸ¡ãªçŽãŸãã¯ãã©ã¹ããã¯è£œã®ã°ã©ã¹ã§ãããããã¯åœéå®å šåºæºISO 12312-2ã«é©åããŠããŸãã䜿çšåã«ã¯å¿ ãæå·ïŒå·ããã³ããŒã«ïŒããªããç¹æ€ããŠãã ããã
- HαïŒãšã€ãã»ã¢ã«ãã¡ïŒæé é¡ïŒ ãããã®ç¹æ®ãªæé é¡ã¯ã倪éœã®å€§æ°äžã®æ°ŽçŽ ååããæŸåºãããç¹å®ã®æ³¢é·ã®å ã芳枬ããããã«ãç垯åãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããŸãã倪éœã®ããããã³ã¹ããã®ä»ã®ç¹åŸŽã®èŠäºãªå æ¯ãæäŸããŸãããçœè²å ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒä»ãã®æé é¡ãããããªãé«äŸ¡ã§ãã
倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒäœ¿çšæã®éèŠäºé ïŒ
- èªèšŒïŒ 倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãåœéå®å šåºæºISO 12312-2ã«é©åããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ããããã£ã«ã¿ãŒãŸãã¯ãã®ããã±ãŒãžã«ãã®èŠæ Œè¡šç€ºããããæ¢ããŠãã ããã
- ç¹æ€ïŒ 䜿çšãããã³ã«ãå·ããã³ããŒã«ãç ŽããããŠã³ãããã®å¥é¢ãªã©ãæå·ã®å åããªãããã£ã«ã¿ãŒãæ³šææ·±ãç¹æ€ããŠãã ãããæå·ãèŠã€ãã£ãå Žåã¯ãçŽã¡ã«ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã廿£ããŠãã ããã
- é©åãªåãä»ãïŒ ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ã«ãã£ãããšåãä»ãããã察ç©ã¬ã³ãºãå®å šã«èŠã£ãŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ãããã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®æç€ºã«æ³šææ·±ãåŸã£ãŠãã ããã
- ç£ç£ïŒ åäŸã倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããéã¯ãåžžã«ç£ç£ããŠãã ããã
- é©åãªå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãªãã§æé é¡ãåçŒé¡ãéããŠå€ªéœãèŠãªãã§ãã ããã
- 倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®å®å šæ§ã«äžå®ãããå Žåã¯ã䜿çšããªãã§ãã ããã
2. æåœ±æ³ã®äœ¿çš
æåœ±æ³ãçšãããšãæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ã§çŽæ¥å€ªéœãèŠãããšãªãã鿥çã«èŠ³æž¬ããããšãã§ããŸããããã¯ãç¹ã«ã°ã«ãŒãã§ã®èŠ³æž¬ã«ãããŠã倪éœã®ç¹åŸŽãå®å šãã€å¹æçã«èŠãããã®æ¹æ³ã§ãã
æåœ±æ³ã®çš®é¡ïŒ
- ãã³ããŒã«æåœ±ïŒ ããã¯æãç°¡åãªæåœ±æ³ã§ããåçŽã«å°ããªç©Žãéãã倪éœã«ããããŸãã倪éœã®åãè¿ãã®å¹³é¢ïŒå¥ã®åçŽãå£ãªã©ïŒã«æåœ±ãããŸããåã¯å°ããæ·¡ããã®ã§ãããæ¥é£ãå®å šã«èŠ³æž¬ããæ¹æ³ã§ããæåœ±é¢ãé ãã»ã©ãåã¯å€§ãããªããŸãã
- æé é¡/åçŒé¡ã«ããæåœ±ïŒ ãã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ãæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ã䜿ã£ãŠå€ªéœã®åãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã«æåœ±ããŸããéèŠïŒãã®æ¹æ³ã䜿çšããŠããéã¯ã決ããŠæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ãèŠã蟌ãŸãªãã§ãã ããïŒ èç©ãããç±ãå åŠç³»ãæå·ããç®ã«æ·±å»ãªå±éºãããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ããã£ãããšåºå®ãã倪éœã«åããŸããå°ãé¢ããå Žæã«çœ®ããçœãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã«åã®çŠç¹ãåãããŸããåžè²©ã®æé é¡çšæåœ±ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã¯èç±èšèšãããŠãããããè³Œå ¥ã匷ããå§ãããŸãã
æåœ±æ³äœ¿çšæã®éèŠäºé ïŒ
- ç£ç£ïŒ æåœ±æ³ã䜿çšããéã¯ãåžžã«åäŸãç£ç£ããŠãã ããã
- å²ãïŒ ç»è³ªãåäžãããããã«ãæé é¡/åçŒé¡ãšã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®éã®ç©ºéãå²ããåšå²ã®å ã鮿ããããšãã§ããŸããæ®µããŒã«ç®±ãèªäœã®å²ããããŸãæ©èœããŸãã
- ç±ã®èç©ïŒ ç¹ã«æé é¡/åçŒé¡ã«ããæåœ±ã䜿çšããå Žåã¯ãç±ã®èç©ã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããå åŠç³»ã®æå·ãé²ãããã芳枬æéã¯çãåºåã£ãŠãã ããã
- æåœ±æ³ã䜿çšããŠããéã¯ã決ããŠæé é¡ãåçŒé¡ãèŠã蟌ãŸãªãã§ãã ããã
æ¥é£ãå®å šã«èŠ³æž¬ãã
æ¥é£ã¯æã壮芳ãªå€©æçŸè±¡ã®äžã€ã§ãããç®ã®æå·ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãé«ãŸããŸããæ¥é£ã®å šæéãéããŠãå®å šãªèŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³ã«åŸãããšãéèŠã§ãã
éšåæ¥é£ïŒ
éšåæ¥é£ã®éã¯ã倪éœãçŽæ¥èŠããšãã¯åžžã«é©åãªç®ã®ä¿è·å ·ã䜿çšããªããã°ãªããŸããã ããã¯ãèªèšŒãããæ¥é£ã°ã©ã¹ãŸãã¯ææã¡åŒã®ãœãŒã©ãŒãã¥ãŒã¢ã䜿çšããããšãæå³ããŸããéšåæ¥é£ãèçŒããã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®ãªãå åŠæ©åšã§æ±ºããŠèŠãªãã§ãã ããã
çæ¢æ¥é£ïŒ
çæ¢ïŒæã倪éœãå®å šã«èŠãïŒã®çãéã¯ãä¿è·å ·ãå€ããŠèçŒã§ã³ããïŒå€ªéœã®å€å±€å€§æ°ïŒãèŠãããšãå®å šã§ãããããã倪éœã®æåã®å ãåã³çŸãããããã«ãç®ã®ä¿è·å ·ãåã³è£ çããããšã絶察ã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
éèŠãªæ¥é£å®å šã®ãã³ãïŒ
- äºåã®èšç»ïŒ æ¥é£ã«å ç«ã¡ãèªèšŒãããæ¥é£ã°ã©ã¹ããœãŒã©ãŒãã¥ãŒã¢ãåååãã£ãŠå ¥æããŠãã ããã
- æå·ã®ç¢ºèªïŒ 䜿çšåã«æ¥é£ã°ã©ã¹ããœãŒã©ãŒãã¥ãŒã¢ã«æå·ããªããç¹æ€ããŠãã ããã
- æç€ºã«åŸãïŒ ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®æç€ºã«æ³šææ·±ãåŸã£ãŠãã ããã
- åäŸã®ç£ç£ïŒ æ¥é£äžã¯åžžã«åäŸãç£ç£ããŠãã ããã
- 鿥çãªæ¹æ³ã®äœ¿çšïŒ ç¹ã«ã°ã«ãŒãã§ã®èŠ³æž¬ã«ã¯ãæåœ±æ³ã䜿ã£ãŠæ¥é£ã芳枬ããããšãæ€èšããŠãã ããã
- çæ¢ãèªèããïŒ çæ¢åž¯ã«ããå Žåã¯ããã€å§ãŸããã€çµããããç¥ããçæ¢ãçµãã£ããããã«ä¿è·å ·ãè£ çããããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ããã
- ä»ã®äººãæè²ããïŒ å®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã®å®è·µã«é¢ããç¥èãä»ã®äººãšå ±æããŠãã ããã
å®å šãªå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãšãã¥ãŒã¢ã®éžã³æ¹
åžå Žã«ã¯æ°å€ãã®è£œåãåºåã£ãŠãããå®å šãªå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã¥ãŒã¢ãéžã¶ã®ã¯é£ããå ŽåããããŸããæ å ±ã«åºã¥ããéžæãããããã®ã¬ã€ãã以äžã«ç€ºããŸãã
- ISO 12312-2èŠæ Œãæ¢ãïŒ ãã®åœéå®å šèŠæ Œã¯ã倪éœã®çŽæ¥èŠ³æž¬çšãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã®èŠä»¶ãå®ããŠããŸããè³Œå ¥ãã倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã¥ãŒã¢ããã®èŠæ Œã«é©åããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
- ä¿¡é Œã§ããã¡ãŒã«ãŒããè³Œå ¥ããïŒ å®å šã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ã補åã補é ããŠããå®çžŸã®ãããä¿¡é Œã§ããã¡ãŒã«ãŒãã倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã¥ãŒã¢ãè³Œå ¥ããŠãã ãããå®è©ã®ããå€©äœæ©åšè²©å£²åºãè¯ãæ å ±æºã§ãã
- èªèšŒã確èªããïŒ ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãèªå®æ©é¢ã«ãã£ãŠãã¹ããããèªèšŒãããŠããããšãç€ºãææžãè¡šç€ºãæ¢ããŠãã ããã
- ã¬ãã¥ãŒãèªãïŒ ããŸããŸãªå€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã¥ãŒã¢ã®ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã¬ãã¥ãŒã調ã¹ãŠãä»ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒããã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãåŸãŠãã ããã
- åœé åã«æ³šæããïŒ çãããã»ã©å®ãããŸãã¯ç²æªãªäœãã®å€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã¥ãŒã¢ã¯ãåœé åã§å®å šã§ãªãå¯èœæ§ãããããæ³šæããŠãã ããã
- éã«åããã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããªãïŒ ãµã³ã°ã©ã¹ãããã§é»ãããã¬ã©ã¹ãåççšãã£ã«ã ãXç·ãã£ã«ã ãªã©ãèªå®¶è£œã®ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã倪éœèŠ³æž¬å°çšã«èšèšãããŠããªãçŽ æã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«äœ¿çšããªãã§ãã ããããããã®çŽ æã¯ååãªä¿è·ãæäŸãããæ·±å»ãªç®ã®æå·ãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ä¿¡é Œã§ãããã©ã³ãïŒ å€ªéœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã³ãã¥ãŒã¢ã®è©äŸ¡ã®é«ãã¡ãŒã«ãŒã«ã¯ãThousand Oaks OpticalãBaader PlanetariumãExplore Scientificãªã©ããããŸãïŒãããã«éå®ãããŸããïŒãè³Œå ¥åã«ã¯å¿ ãç¹å®ã®è£œåãšãã®èªèšŒã«ã€ããŠèª¿æ»ããŠãã ããã
å®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ãäžççã«æšé²ãã
å®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã«ã€ããŠäžè¬åžæ°ãæè²ããããšã¯äžççãªè²¬ä»»ã§ãã倩æã¯ã©ããç§åŠåç©é€šãåŠæ ¡ããã®ä»ã®çµç¹ã¯ãæ£ç¢ºãªæ å ±ãåºããå®å šãªèŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³ãæšé²ããäžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããããšãã§ããŸãã
æè²çåãçµã¿ïŒ
- ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãããšãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒ åŠæ ¡ãå°åå£äœãäžè¬åžæ°ã察象ã«ãå®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬æè¡ã«é¢ããã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãäŒç»ããã
- å ¬é芳æäŒïŒ æ¥é£ããã®ä»ã®å€ªéœçŸè±¡ã®éã«å ¬é芳æäŒãäž»å¬ããå®å šãªèŠ³æž¬æ©åšãšå°éå®¶ã®æå°ãæäŸããã
- ææïŒ å®å šã§ãªã倪éœèŠ³æž¬ã®ãªã¹ã¯ã«ã€ããŠã®æèãé«ããããããã³ãã¬ããããã¹ã¿ãŒããŠã§ããµã€ãã®ã³ã³ãã³ããªã©ã®ææãéçºã»é åžããã
- ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã£ã³ããŒã³ïŒ ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãæŽ»çšããŠãå®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬ã«é¢ããæ å ±ããªãœãŒã¹ãå ±æããã
- ã¡ãã£ã¢ãšã®é£æºïŒ æ¥é£ããã®ä»ã®ã€ãã³ãã®éã«ãå°å ãå šåœã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãšååããŠå®å šãªèŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³ãæšé²ããã
åœéååïŒ
ãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ããªãœãŒã¹ãåœéçã«å ±æããããšã§ãããå€ãã®äººã ãå®å šãªå€ªéœèŠ³æž¬æ å ±ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããããã«ãªããŸããä»åœã®å€©æçµç¹ãæè²æ©é¢ãšååããŠãæè²ããã°ã©ã ãéçºã»å®æœããŠãã ããã
äŸïŒ 2017幎ã«ç±³åœã暪æããçæ¢æ¥é£ã§ã¯ãæ°å€ãã®çµç¹ãææºããŠäœçŸäžãã®å®å šãªãœãŒã©ãŒãã¥ãŒã¢ãé åžããçæ¢åž¯æ²¿ãã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã«æè²ãªãœãŒã¹ãæäŸããŸããããã®ååçãªåãçµã¿ã«ãããäœçŸäžäººãã®äººã ãå®å šã«æ¥é£ãäœéšããããšãã§ããŸããã
çµè«ïŒå€ªéœãæ¢æ±ããªããèŠåãå®ã
倪éœèŠ³æž¬ã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®æã身è¿ãªææã®ãã€ãããã¯ãªããã»ã¹ãå£éèŠãããšãã§ãããããããã®ããè±ããªäœéšã§ãããªã¹ã¯ãçè§£ããå®å šãªèŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³ã«åŸãããšã§ãèŠåãå®ããä»åŸäœå¹Žã«ãããã£ãŠå€ªéœã®é©ç°ã楜ããããšãã§ããŸãã倪éœã芳枬ããéã¯åžžã«å®å šãæåªå ããçåãããå Žåã¯çµéšè±å¯ãªå€©æåŠè ãæè²è ã«ãããããã«æå°ãæ±ããŠãã ããã
èŠããŠãããŠãã ããïŒããªãã®èŠåã¯è²Žéã§ããå±éºã«æããªãã§ãã ããïŒ
ãªãœãŒã¹
- ã¢ã¡ãªã«å€©æåŠäŒïŒhttps://eclipse.aas.org/eye-safety/viewing-eclipses
- NASAïŒhttps://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/safety/